Cleaning apparatus



Dec. 16, 1941. p, HUNTER 2,266,205

CLEANING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 5, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet l 12mm P HU/WE/Q 1NVENT OR.

QA AEZM ATTORN EY.

Dec. 16, 1941. p HUNTER 2,266,205

CLEANING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 5, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 222 z z 46 4932/6 132 6 206 206 Z4 INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY.

Patented Dec. 16, 1941 CLEANING APPARATUS Donald P. Hunter, Los Angcles,Calif., assignor to Turco Products, Inc., Los Angeles, Calii'., acorporation of California Application October 5, 1938, Serial No.233,441

2 Claims (01. 141-9) This invention relates to improvements in cleaningapparatus, and particularly special purpose cleaning machines such asdish-washing machines of the type now in use by many restaurantestablishments for cleaning large quantities of dishes, wherein a dishcleaning chamber is provided and the dishes washed and rinsed therein bymeans of water circulatory systems having as a necessary adjunct anapparatus for supplying both water containing a cleaning compound fordissolving and removing grease, food particles, etc., from the dishes,and also including means for replenishing any amounts of such cleaningcompound lost or weakened by dilution during a cleaning operation, so asto keep such solution at proper strength at all times.

Another important object of the invention is to provide a cleaningapparatus equipped with a special type of dispenser or mixing andstorage supply tank for concentrated cleaning material solutions or thelike, which apparatus shall be of simple construction and positive andeiiicient of operation, composed of a minimum of parts, and less likelyto get out of order than devices heretofore used for this purpose.

A further important object of the invention is to provide a cleaningapparatus composed of a number of associated elements which are readilydetachable and capable of application to many other standard or specialtype cleaning devices, and certain of which are readily adaptable foruse in connection with many other types of equipment, such as dishwashing machines, laundry machines, automotive parts, cleaningequipment, bottle washing machinery, and many other de vices, as well asliquid and air and other supply lines and circulatory systems ingeneral.

Another and further object of the invention is to provide an apparatushaving as an essential element thereof a storage supply container forconcentrated cleaning solution, which container shall also perform thefunction of mixing the cleaning solution and dispensing the same, andwhich may be positioned either adjacent to, disunits of the apparatus towhich it is connected, as for purposes of convenience or accessibility,without impairing the eflicient operation of the apparatus as a whole orany individual unit thereof.

A still further important object of the invention is to provide, incombination with a water or other supply line or circulatory system ofthe general type above referred to, a novel flow control mechanism forautomatically controlling the flow of a given element from point topoint in a supply line or circulatory system where such flow is desiredsimultaneously and in coordination with the flow of a second supply orcirculating medium, but entirely separate and independent of contacttherewith.

Anotherand still further important object of the invention is to providea flow control mechanism of novel construction designed primarily foruse in connection with water circulatory systems or the like, but whichshall be equally well adapted for use with any supply lines carryingair, gas, liquid, steam, or other elements or combinations thereof, andwhich mechanism shall be outstandingly eflicient when used in connectionwith apparatus requiring an accurately measured flow of a given elementwhich must be automatically controlled and maintained constantthroughout long operating periods without adjustment.

A further object of the invention is to provide a circulating ordispensing apparatus utilizing liquid or other substances or elements asthe medium circulated or dispensed, wherein such substances are treatedor mixed with other substances, and wherein the treating medium is drawnfrom a combination mixer and supply tank and carried therefrom by meansof water, air, or other elements, thesource of the carrying agent beingseparate anddistinct from that of the supply line or other apparatus towhich it is related or connected, and wherein the flow of the substancethrough the mixing and supply tank is controlled automatically by meansof a simple, readily attachable device.

Other and further objects of the invention will be apparent from thedisclosurein the accompanying drawings and following specification.

The invention, in a preferred form, is illustrated in the drawings andhereinafter more fully described.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view through a dish cleaning apparatusembodying my invention.

tant from, above, or below the plane of the other 55 Figure 2 is a topplan view of a solution mixing and storage supply container forming apart thereof.

Figure 3 is a sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 1.

Figure 4 isan enlarged longitudinal section through a flow control valveforming part of my invention.

Figure 5 is an enlarged longitudinal section through a flow controlmechanism forming part of my invention.

of some suitable liquid cleaning material, suchv as soap-water or thelike, the reservoir 20 be ing provided with a screened overfiowpipe 22for controlling the level of the liquid contained therein.

Machines of this type are ordinarily equipped with a system of pipescomprising standard conduits with spray-heads, which are for the purposeof forcing the contents of the reservoir 20 upward by pumping or thelike for spraying the dishes or other objects contained in the chamberit with cleaning solution, thus. removing any grease, food particles, orother matter from the surface of the dishes, the solution so used thengravitating back into the reservoir 2B for re-use or ultimate disposalthrough. the overflow pipe 22 or in some other manner. A circulatingdevice suitable for this purpose is shown at A in Figure 1.

Additionally there is provided a spray line which is also positionedinteriorly oi the device, for the purpose of spraying clear rinse waterover the dishes in the chamber is following the initial cleaningoperation above described.

' Referring now to Figure i, such spray line usually consists of anordinary water supply pipe 25 having a manually operable shut-off valveas preferably located exteriorly of the machine, the pipe beingintroduced interiorly of the machine as shown at 28 and terminating in aspray-head to having a series of jets 32 through which a spray of clearrinse water may be directed downwardly over the surface of the dishes asthe second step of the cleaning process, such rinse water then passingby gravity into the reservoir 20, where it comes into contact with thecleaning solution, normally diluting the same and causing a portionthereof to. overflow through the pipe 22 and escape .through awaste-pipe 34. A

water pressure indicator 35 may be mounted at a suitable location alongthe rinse line H to determine the water pressure.

Since most machines of this type provide for gravitation of the rinsewater into the solution reservoir 20 during the rinsing operation, thusdiluting and weakening the cleaning solution contained in saidreservoirat each operation of the rinse line and causing a portion ofthe diluted solution to escape, it becomes necessary to restore -'thecleaning solution to its original strength by adding thereto after eachrinsing operation, or-

after like intervals, an amount of concentrated cleaning compound equalto that lost in the process of dilution above referred to, so as tomaintain the cleaning solution circulated through the machine at therequired strength to perform the cleaning task efilciently at all times.

This adding of cleaning compound is customarily done between primarycleaning operations. Sometimes the operator simply pours an additionalamount of detergent powder or similar material directly into thereservoir 20. In other installations a supply of highly concentratedcleaning solution is brought from a nearby tank through some kind of aconduit and the flow therethrough controlled by means of a manuallyoperable valve or the like. However, such practices have been found tobe very unsatisfactory, principally for the reason that the amounts thusadded ar seldom accurately measured by the operator, and usually resultin either too weak a cleaning solution if too little is added, or awaste of the concentrate if too much is added. Again, it sometimeshappens that the time allowed for performing this task is very short, asfor example during rush hours, at which time 'the operator might beforced to do the work ratus a combination mixing chamber and dispenserfrom which a uniform solution of concentrated cleaning material isadapted to flow into the reservoir 28 automatically and in the properquantity whenever such addition becomes necessary, thus eliminating thenecessityof the operator attending to th same.

My combination mixing chamber and dispenser from which such additionalconcentrated compound may be drawn comprises essentially a container 38having a removable lid M, the under surface of which is provided with anintegral flange or guide ring :22, the lid 4d being preferably tightfitting and the dispenser rendered watertight by the interpositioning ofa gasket or the like :36 between container and lid, and some suitablfastening means 36 may be provided for attaching the lid it securelyover the mouth of the dispenser.

The dispenser 38 may be in the form of a simple hollow container havingan inlet 68 the flow through which is controlled by a manually operablevalve 50 connected to a supply line 52 carrying a substance such aswater or the like. An outlet 55 is provided in the dispenser and ispreferably located near the top thereof so as to act as an overflow, andthis outlet leads to the machine it by way of a section of tubing 55which extends through the wall I? of the machine and has its terminusdirectly over the reservoir 20.

At suitable times the container 38 is provided with a supply of soappowder or some other soluble cleaning compound in highly concentratedform, this cleaning compound becoming thoroughly dissolved by contactwith the liquid entering the container through the inlet 58. Theresulting solution then flows out of the container and into thereservoir 20 through the tube 58 whenever the level of the solution inthe container reaches the plane of the outlet 5 and so long as liquidcontinues to be admitted through the inlet 48.

In order'to provide for maximum erhciency I prefer to constructthe'dispenser 38 as best v of the dispenser.

by a continuous wall 62, and within the central chamber 58 is positioneda third compartment in the form of a suspended soap container 84composed of sidewalls 66 and bottom 88, the sidewalls 66 having screenedopenings I0, the bottom 88 being preferably spaced away from the floorelement 64 is flared outwardly, extending over the wall 62 andcontinuing upward and outward interiorly of the dispenser to a pointadjacent the upper edge of the outer wall thereof, where it may besecured by soldering or the like to prevent leakage, or arranged in someother manner to render the contact watertight or nonspilling, and, ifdesired, there may be a watertight seal effected between the upper edgeof the wall 82 and the flared portion 12 by the use of suitable gaskets,or by soldering or the like.

The upper portion 12 of the In my preferred construction of thedispenser,

the inlet 48 is formed interiorly of the container with an elongatedtube 14 which leads directly into the central chamber through the wall82, where its body is directed downwardly toward the floor or bottom ofthe container so as to provide for the utmost contact between incomingliquid and the lower portion ofthe contents of the compartment 04 aswell as any undissolved soap which may have gravitated through thescreened openings 10 and settled upon the floor of the container.

As the liquid level within the central chamber 58 rises, the contents ofthe compartment 84 ings I0 and into the compartment 64, and thereafterthe resulting concentrated cleaning solution will pass outward insolution through the screened openings I0 and into the chamber 08,which, when filled, will allow the charged liquid to overflow into theouter chamber 80 through a series of elongated overflow tubes 16 mountedin the wall 62, the long lower ends of these tubes being also downwardlydirected and leading the overflowing concentrate downward to the bottomof the chamber 80 so as to cause a maximum dissolving action of any soapparticles which may have accumulated at that point. The rising of theliquid level in this outer chamber 60 will eventually cause the same tooverflow through the outlet 54 for delivery of a concentrated solutionof purely liquid consistency into the reservoir 2 0 of the washingmachine Ill.

In the showing made in Figure 1, the installation is one in which theconcentrate is delivered into the dish washing machine under pressure,since the location of the machine proper is above that of theconcentrate dispenser 38. This type of arrangement is highly desirablewhen it is more convenient to locate the dispenser 38 at a point removedfrom the machine I0 so as to make it more accessible to the operatorattending to its refilling. It may, in fact, be located in a distantroom or even on a different floor above or below that on which themachine I0 is located. Obviously, the dispenser 88 may also be used tosupply concentrate for more than one washing machine or other apparatus,by simply providing each unit to be served with a similar line equipmentto that illustrated in Figure 1, leading same to the dispenser 88, andproviding the proper additional intake and outlet connections in thelatter.

Referring again to Figure l: A measured how of water into the container'38 isprovided by means of the valve 50, which is manually operable andmay be of the conventional type, such asa' needle valve or the like,which, when once set, will allow a predetermined rate of flow into thecontainer 88. However, I have found in practice that the ordinary typeof valve requires adjustment at short intervals because of theconsiderable variation in the flow of liquid therethrough due tocorrosion of parts, etc. To minimize or eliminate this condition I haveprovided a new and novel type of valve for this purpose which performsmuch more satisfactorily than a needle valve and requires little or noadjustment even after very long periods of constant use, yet maintainingthe maximum uniformity of the fiow throughout any given period ofoperation. This new device is best illustrated in Figure 4, and consistsof the usual body 88 provided with an inlet port 90 and an outlet port82, with the customary packing-nut 88 and stem packing 88 and fittedwith a partially solid stem I00 to which is. attached a control handleI02, the stem I00 being suitably screw threaded for insertion into thebody 88 in the usual manner. The lower end I04 of the valve stem I00 ishollow and of reduced size, fitting snugly into the outlet channel 82,so as to provide a watertight fit along the interior wall of said outletchannel.

The outlet opening 92 as well as the inlet opening open interiorly ofthe body 88 into a slightly enlarged chamber I 06 located centrally ofthe valve, the chamber I06 being large enough in size to allow for readypassage of liquid therethrough around the upper and wider centralportion of the valve'stem I00, and the floor of this central chamber isformed at right angles with its sidewall, forming a seat I08 for therectangular shoulder I I0 formed in the solid portion of the valve stemI00 when the valve is in fully closed position. The hollow lower portionI04 of the stem I00 extends from a lower outlet orifice II2 through thenarrow portion of the stem, and terminates at a point slightly above theshoulder IIO as shown at II4. A short distance below the plane of theshoulder IIO the hollow valve end I04 is drilled transversely to providea small inlet orifice II6 which extends through the walls of the hollowstem portion I04 to the exterior surface thereof. Thus turning the valvehandle I02 in a clockwise direction will cause the orifice IIB to assumea closed position interiorly of the outlet channel 02, resulting in aclosed valve and preventing the particular element carried in thechamber I06 from escaping through the orifice H8 and into the outlet .II2-- 82, since the wall of the channel 82 will completely cover saidorifice H8.

A counter-clockwise turning of the handle I02 will raise the location ofthe oriflce H8 and cause a partial opening of the valve as soon as saidorifice assumes an open connection with the central chamber I08, as bestillustrated in Figure 4. Further counter-clockwise turning of the handleI02 will obviously cause the orifice I I8 to assume a completely openconnection with the central chamber I08, to provide the maximum amountof flow through the device, and thus providing a continuous passage forliquid from the intake port 90 to the outlet port 92, which 'may by thismeans .be effectively regulated as to flow, the diameter of the orificeII 6, of course, governingthe maximum flowof substances through thevalve when the device is in open position. In apparatus other than thatillustrated herein,

. this same type of valve may serve equally well for lines carrying air,steam, gas, or other elements.

As hereinbefore pointed out, the rate of flow through the valve isgoverned by the area of the orifice H6 which is exposed above theshoulder I I0, and it has been found that this construction results in amore uniform and constant flow of substances, over considerable periodsof time, especially, in small valves of the type used in connection withapparatus such as that hereinbefore described.

The liquid supply for the dispenser 38 may be tapped from any availablesupply line, as, for example, from the rinse water pipe 24 at a pointanteriorly of the valve 26, thus creating a bypass flow through thedispenser 36, which mayv be manually controlled by a simple use of thevalve 50, by means of ordinary conduit such as the element 52.

However, when automatic and coordinated operation is desired and therinse water is found adequate for the purpose, the rinse line 24 may betapped on the discharge side of the valve 26, whereupon the solutionreplenishing process previously described will occur automatically eachtime the rinse line of the machine is operated by opening of the valve26, and the delivery of cleaning solution into the reservoir 20 willcontinue for the exact period of time that the valve 26 remains open,and thus by a simple regulation of the amount of water circulatedthrough the dispenser' 38 by such 'by-passing method, any washwater lostby dilution or overflow from the reservoir 20 will be completelyreplenished simultaneously with operation of the rinse line and betweenthe heavy cleaning operations, which is the most suitable time for thispurpose; It will, of course, be obvious that when a difierent time isselected for the replenishing operation, the liquid supply for thedispenser may be similarly tapped from other sources of supply.

When in some cleaning machine installations it is desirable for anyreason .to derive the supply of liquid for the container 38 from asource other than the rinse line 24, and yet retain the'very desirablefeature of the automatic coordinated timing, as, for example, when coldwater is desired for the dispenser 68 in preference to the hot or tepidwater of the rinse line 24, or when warm water is desired for thedispenser 38- when a cold rinse line is used, it would, of course, benecessary to provide some suitable automatic flow control means actuatedby the pressure of the liquid carried by the rinse line.

For this purpose I have devised a novel mechanism by which the sameidentical result may be attained automatically, the same as in aninstallation in which the discharge side of the valve 26 is directlytapped for the liquid by-passing purpose. This is accomplished bytapping the discharge-side of the water supply line 24 as best shown inFigure 1 as well as a second liquid supply line which may be representedby the element II8 (Figure 1)' and connecting therebetween a specialtype of valve or other mechanism, a preferred construction of which isbest shown in Figures 1 and 5, by means of which the flow of liquid fromthe element II8 may be started and sent through the dispenser 38 bymeans of tubing such as that shown at 52 whenever the rinse valve 26 isopened, and maintained throughout the rinsing operation until the valve26 is again closed.

My preferred construction of a mechanism of this type comprises a valveconsisting of a T- shaped hollow member I20 having three communicatingopenings I22, I24, and I26. The

openings I22 and I24 are interiorly screw threaded and adapted forconnection to similarly screw threaded free ends along the pipe line 24as best indicated at I28 and I30 in Figure 1, which arrangement forms acontinuous passage into the machine I0 for liquid carried through thepipe 24.

The third opening I26 is outwardly directed and slightly enlarged, asbest shown in Figure 5, and the walls thereof provided with an outwardlydirected annular flange I32 formed exteriorly .of the opening I26 and atright angles thereto,

the flange I32 having a series of openings I34 therethrough foraccommodatingscrews, bolts, or the like I36.

To the member I20 is attached a second cylindrical member I38 having anopening I48 of substantially the same diameter and depth as the enlargedportion of the opening I26, and having a flange I42 with openings I44corresponding to those in the flange I32, and in registration therewith.Between the openings I26 and I40 is positioned a non-rigid disc I46preferably formed of rubber composition or similar material, capable offorming a pliant diaphragm, this disc being of a diameter large enoughto cover the entire open faces I26 and I40, and the disc is preferablyperforated along its periphery with openings adapted to register withthe openings I34 and I44, whereby the disc I46 is held in fixed positionby .means of the bolts or screws I36, which are tightened to provide aperfectly watertight connection at this point.

The member I38 is formed with a continuous passage comprising arelatively small bore I46, a larger centrally located bore I50 ofsomewhat larger diameter, and an enlarged opening or inlet I52 which isexteriorly screw threaded to receive the similarly screw threaded end ofa cap I54 having a central bore I56 beginning interiorly thereof with arecessed portion I58, and terminating exteriorly with an enlargedopening of inlet port I60 adapted for threadable engagement with thepipe line II8 by some suitable connecting means I62. The opening I40, ofcourse, also forms part of the continuous passagejust described.

A transverse bore I64 through the middle of the element I38 communicateswith the passage I50, and the lower end thereof forms an outlet I66adapted for threadable connection with the pipe 52, while its upper endis adapted to threadably receive the stem of a second pressure-gaugePositioned interiorly of the assembled elements I38-I54 is a valve-headI10, one face of which is adapted to seat against an annular flatsurface or shoulder I12 formed interiorly of the chamber I52, and thevalve I10 has an integral stem I14 which extends interiorly through thepassage I50 and is slidable therein, and is adapted to engage a slidablerod I16 having on its opposite end an integral head I18 in the form of athin metal disc slightly smaller in diameter than the opening I40 so asto be readily movable therein.

The opposite face of the valve I10 is provided with an integralprojection I over which is adapted to fit one end of a coil spring I82,which bears against the valve I10, and the opposite end of this springis seated within the recess I58 and bears against the flat surface of anannular shoulder I58. The normal closed position of the valve mechanismis best illustrated in Figures 1 and 5, wherein the spring I82 is shownbearing forcibly against the valve head I18 so as to seat same to assumea tightly closed position and effectively bar passage of liquidor thelike between the inlet I60 and outlet I66. Thus pressure of the valvestem I14 will have forced the slidable rod I10 with its attached headI10 to the extreme outer end of the chamber I40, where the head I10 willbear against the adjacent face of the disc I40. Thereafter any pressureexerted from within the chamber I26, as, for example, by liquid underpressure entering the discharge end of the rinse line 24, will, uponreaching the disc I40, cause the central portion of the disc to bend inthedirection of the chamber I40 with suflicient force to cause theassembly II I14I'I0--I'I0 to move backward against the tension of thespring I02, causing said spring to partially contract and allow acorresponding opening of the valve I by separating it from the valveseat I12, and providing an opening through which liquid might pass frominlet side to outlet side of the device. Similarly, releasing of thepressure in the chamber I26 by shutting oil the flow of the rinse-line24 will permit the spring I02 to again fully expand and close the valveI10 by forcing the assembly I'|0-I'|4Il6l10 back into its originalposition wherein the head I10 will have forced the central portion ofthe disc I46 in the direction of the chamber I26.

It will therefore be obvious that when the apparatus illustrated inFigure 1 is used, opening of the rinse water line 24 by means of thevalve will cause the water to flow under considerable pressure throughthe fitting I20 on its way to the interior spray head of thedish-washing ma- 20 by'means of the delivery pipe 56, such process thencontinuing without interruption until the rinse valve 26 is again shutoff, and providing an automatic and perfectly co-ordinated process amongthe respective units of the apparatus. In a machine employing an airline in addition to the rinse line, for the purpose of drying the washeddishes, this mechanism can be similarly attached to such air line, withthe same identical result, so far as automatic operation of thedispenser is concerned.

A modified form of flow control mechanism for the purpose just describedand for other purposes is shown in Figure 6, wherein the discharge sideof the rinse line 24 is tapped similarly to the showing in Figures 1 and5, but the T-shaped element I20 having the three communicating openingsI22, I24, and I20, flange I32, and fastening means I04, with disc memberI46, are, herein shown as connected to and adapted to actuate amechanism which starts an electric pump or the like, through the mediumof an electric snap switch. This mechanism consists of a member I04having an extension I06 to which is pivotally attached a somewhatvertically disposed arm I00 which, in turn, is pivotally connected to ahorizontally disposed element I00, which may be pivotally connected tothe operating lever I 02 of an electric switch I04 of the toggle type,said switch being connected to a motor-driven pump I06 by means ofsuitable electrical connections or wiring I00 receiving power through ausual source or line 200, the switchI04 itself being preferably of anyone ofv a number of standard, well known constructions. Pump connections202 and 204 are provided whereby liquid or other substances may beforced from point to point, as, for example, in a dish-washing machineinstallation or the like. The member I04 is provided interiorly thereofwith an enlarged opening 206 approximately the same size as the enlargedportion of the opening I26 of the member I20, and joined thereto in thesame manner as the showing in Figures 1 and 5. Opening from the chamber206 is a smaller bore 200, with a still smaller passage 2I0 providingaccess from the exterior. Within the passage 206-200-2I0 is positioned aslidable stern 2I2 having an integral disc-shaped head 2| 4, which isheld securely against the rubber or composition disc I46 by means of acoil spring 2I6 lo cated within the chamber 200 and around the stem 2I2,and bearing forcibly against the head 2 on one end, and on the otherendagainst an annular shoulder 2I0 formed in the member I04 interiorlyof the chamber 200. a

The end portion 220 of the stem 2| 2 is pivotally connected at 222 tothe arm I00 in such manner that movement of the stem 2I2 and its relatedelements in a sidewise direction will force the arm I00 to move in anarc in relation to its attached parts, which are is of greater distanceat the lower end 224 of the member I00, and whereby any slight movementof the stem 2I2 as above described will quickly throw the switch leverI02 and start operation of the unit I06.

It will be seen that herein are provided various elements of new andnovel construction which, when assembled, comprise cleaning and otherapparatus for widely diversified uses, the individual elements of whichare readily attachable and interchangeable with similar purpose devicesof an unsatisfactory nature, now in use.

I am aware that many changes may be made and numerous details ofconstruction varied throughout a wide range without departing from theprinciples of this invention, and I therefore do not purpose limitingthe patent granted hereont otherwise than as necessitated by the priorar I claim as my invention:

1. A cleaning apparatus, comprising in com- 'bination, a cleaningchamber, a liquid storage supply line, areagent dispenser, saiddispenser having inlet and outlet means, the second of said supply linesdelivering substances to said dispenser through the inlet thereof, saiddispenser outlet being connected to the cleaning chamber, and meansactuated by the pressure in the first supply line when the flow controlvalve therefor is open for controlling the delivery of substances fromsaid second supply line through said dis-' penser, whereby the substancecarried by said second supply line may pass through the said dispenserand contact a reagent contained therereservoir within said cleaningchamber, a pair of non-communicating supply lines, the first of saidsupply lines being introducedinteriorly of said cleaning chamber andhaving an outlet within said chamber, a flow control valve for saidfirst supply line, a reagent dispenser, said dispenser having inlet andoutlet means, the second of said supply lines for delivering substancesto said dispenser through the inlet thereof, said dispenser outlet beingconnected to the cleaning chamber, a normally inactive electricallydriven pump for controlling the flow of substances through the second ofsaid supply lines, and a pressure operated switch responsive to thepressure in said first supply line when the flow control valve thereforis open for activating the normally inactive pump.

DONALD P. HUNTER.

